 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 The
 conditions in the plasma in proximity to the compact object
 are  traditionally described by the ionization
 parameter (flux/density), which is a measure of the dominance
 of radiation processes over collisional processes.  Contours of constant ionization parameter (logarithmic,
 in cgs units) are shown for the HMXRB Vela X-1 (above, right;
 Figure from Sako et al. Ap.J., 525, 921 (1999)).